Soundproof assembly

ABSTRACT

A soundproof assembly having front and rear panels with one or both of the front and rear panels having a laminar structure. In one embodiment the front and rear panels are spaced apart by a spacer structure and a covering structure is attached around the periphery to provide an enclosed air space between the front and rear panels. In another embodiment the front and rear panels are affixed to each other. In another embodiment front and rear panels are separated by an interior panel.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is related to commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/658,814 filed Sep. 8, 2003, by Kevin J. Surace and Marc U. Porat, entitled “Accoustical Sound Proofing Material and Methods for Manufacturing Same”, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,051 filed Sep. 10, 2004, by Kevin J. Surace and Marc U. Porat, entitled “Acoustical Sound Proofing Material and Methods for Manufacturing Same,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an acoustical damping structure which may be utilized for doors, floors, walls and ceilings to prevent the transmission of sounds from one area to another.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Soundproof doors or sound transmission resistant doors have been around for a number of years and have typically been constructed of wood or metal in order to achieve or reduce sound transmission. Although sound transmission through the structure has been reduced, the doors have been rather bulky and heavy. An issue with these doors is how to make them with a high Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating and at the same time avoid the mass requirement of the prior art doors. In the prior art providing an increased STC over standard doors has been achieved by using heavy doors in order to prevent the transmission of acoustic energy from one side of the door to the other. Typical prior art soundproof doors have been made of solid, heavy materials to prevent sound transmission. Typical current soundproof doors have a mass of from about eight to ten pounds per square foot, which can result in a door weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds, and in some cases as much as one thousand pounds. This significant amount of weight adds stress to the associated structure and in addition is not desirable for household use in view of the significant weight involved. A typical household door of a non-soundproof construction has an STC rating of about twenty-seven as opposed to prior art, unitary soundproof door which has an STC rating in the forties.

Thus what is required is a soundproof structure which has improved STC ratings, but avoids the heavy weight which has been typical of prior soundproof doors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a soundproof assembly which has significantly reduced weight, yet provides an STC rating equivalent to solid doors having twice the weight. In accordance with the invention, a soundproof assembly is provided which includes one or more laminar structures which are, in one embodiment, separated by an air gap and in another embodiment separated by a layer of material. In one embodiment, both a front and a rear panel of the structure are laminar, while in another embodiment, one of the front or rear panels is laminated and the other is solid.

In one embodiment, the laminar structure includes interiorly, a constraining layer, with the constraining layer having one or more layers of viscoelastic glue on opposite sides. First and second exterior layers of material, are provided on opposite sides of the viscoelastic glue. The exterior layers may be cellulose or wood based, ceramic, metal or a composite material.

In constructing the soundproof assembly, the front and rear portions may be separated by spacers to provide an air gap intermediate the front and rear sections.

In another embodiment, a wood surround is provided about the peripheral edges of the soundproof structure. Additionally, for appearance purposes a veneer may be provided. The veneer merely serves as a cosmetic function and it is not necessary for the achievement of improved STC characteristics of the soundproof structure.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming a soundproof assembly is provided. In this method, a first panel having a laminar structure is supported adjacent to a second panel with the first and second panels being spaced apart by one or more spacers to provide an air gap between the adjacent surfaces of the first and second panels.

In a second embodiment, both the first and second panels have a laminar structure.

In providing a panel having a laminar structure, the laminar structure is produced by providing a first layer of material which is cellulose or wood based, applying one or more layers of viscoelastic glue to a surface of the first layer of cellulose material and providing a constraining layer of material. Placing this constraining layer of material on the exposed surface of the viscoelastic glue. Next, one or more layers of viscoelastic glue are provided on the exposed surface of the constraining layer and a second layer of material which is cellulose or wood based is placed on the viscoelastic glue which is exposed on the constraining layer of material. Alternative materials for the first and second layers of material include ceramic, metal, or a composite material. In one embodiment, the constraining layer of material is a layer of metal and in other embodiments, the constraining layer of material may be a solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, rubber, ceramic, a composite material or any other material that has a Young's Modulus of 10 GigaPascals (GPa) or greater.

In another embodiment, the laminar structure is constructed by utilizing three layers of the material which are cellulose or wood based and two layers of a constraining material interior of and intermediate the three layers of cellulose or wood based material. The constraining layers have a viscoelastic glue layer interposed between each of them and the adjacent layer of cellulose material. In the embodiment which includes two constraining layers and three cellulose layers, both of the constraining layers may be formed of a metal, a solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composites, rubber, ceramic composite, or another material having a high Young's Modulus above 10 GigaPascals (GPa). Alternatively one of the constraining layers may be one of the foregoing materials and the other may be another of the foregoing materials.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of a soundproof assembly in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken along the lines of 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 4-4 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 illustrates an alternate embodiment of a laminar panel which may be utilized in the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a front view of a soundproof assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 7-7 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a front view of a further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 9-9 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a front view of a further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 11-11 of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a front view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 13-13 of FIG. 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT(S)

FIG. 1 is a front view of soundproof assembly 1 which includes a front panel 2 and a rear panel 3 which is best illustrated in FIG. 2. Rear panel 3 is connected to front panel 1 via spacers 4, 5, and 6, which are illustrated in FIG. 1 in dotted line outline and shown in the top view in FIG. 2. As will be appreciated by reference to FIG. 2, front panel 2 and rear panel 3 are symmetrical in construction, the details of which are described below. Spaces 4, 5, and 6, hold front panel 2 and rear panel 3 in a spaced apart relationship to provide an air gap between the panels.

As will be appreciated by reference to FIG. 2 of the opposing edges of front panel 2, rear panel 3 have a cover layer of material indicated by reference characters 7 and 8 which close the opposite edges of the panels. The bottom edges of soundproof assembly 1 are also enclosed by a cover indicated by reference character 9 in FIG. 2, and similarly a top cover layer 10 encloses the upper portion of soundproof assembly 1. This accordingly provides an enclosed air space within soundproof assembly 1. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the use of three spacers 4, 5, and 6, result in the air gap enclosure indicated by reference characters 11 and 12 in FIG. 2. In one embodiment acoustically absorptive material such as fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool, or foam is included in the air gap enclosures 11 and 12. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes veneer 13 on the front panel 2 and veneer 14 on the rear panel 3 for aesthetic purposes. The use of veneers 13 and 14 are not necessary to provide the structure of the present invention, however they may be useful, if for example, the soundproof assembly will be used as a door or other structure where an attractive appearance is desirable.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the front panel and rear panels are constructed alike. This is of course not required that the two panels be alike in order to practice the invention, however in this embodiment that is the case. In the alternative embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the two panels are of dissimilar in construction. FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative construction for laminar panels, which may be used in practicing the present invention.

Returning to FIG. 2, front panel 2 is comprised of a laminar combination of layers of materials including external layers 15 and 16. Layers 15 and 16, in one embodiment are cellulose, or wood based layers. In one embodiment of the invention layers 15 and 16 are ¼ inch thick plywood, however other thicknesses may of course be utilized depending on the desired characteristics of weight and sound transmission reduction to be achieved. Alternatively, layers 15 and/or 16 could be ceramic, metal, or a composite material which includes a fiber such as fiberglass, Kevlar or carbon fiber. As used herein, the term composite material means a material which includes two or more materials combined in such a way that the individual materials are distinguishable.

Intermediate the interior surfaces 18 and 19 of layers 15 and 16 respectively, are a first layer of viscoelastic glue 20 and a second layer of viscoelastic glue 21. Intermediate glue layers 20 and 21 are a constraining layer indicated by reference character 17. This construction, as will be appreciated by reference to the figure, provides a laminar structure.

Constraining layer 17 is, in one embodiment, a layer of metal, which may be for example 30 gauge, galvanized steel. It will of course be appreciated that other thicknesses may be used as well as other materials such as sheets of ultra-light weight titanium and laminated layers of metal including laminate of aluminum and titanium. If galvanized steel is utilized, it should be non-oiled and of regular spackle. The non-oil characteristic is required to ensure that the viscoelastic glue layers 20 and 21 will adhere to the metal. Regular spackle ensures that the metal has uniform properties over its entire area. Constraining layer 17 is constructed of a metal, typical ranges of thicknesses are from 10 gauge to 30 gauge depending on the weight, thickness, and STC desired. Of importance constraining layer 17 should not be creased because creasing will ruin the ability of the metal to assist in reducing the transmission of sound. Only completely flat, undamaged pieces of metal can be used in the laminar structure. Constraining layer 17 may alternatively be a layer of ceramic material, or a layer of composite materials, such as, for example, fiberglass, Kevlar or carbon fiber.

Constraining layer 17 may be alternatively mass loaded vinyl or a similar material. A suitable mass-loaded vinyl may be purchased from Technifoam, Minneapolis, Minn., and have a thickness of ⅛ of an inch; however, other thicknesses may of course be used.

As will be appreciated by reference to FIG. 2, viscoelastic glue is applied on opposite sides of constraining layer 17. This viscoelastic glue has the property that the energy in the sound and vibrations which strikes the glue when, constrained by surrounding layers, will be significantly absorbed by the glue thereby reducing the sound and vibration's amplitude across a broad frequency spectrum, and thus energy of sound transmitted through the resulting laminar structure. Typically, this glue is made of materials as set forth in Table 1, although other glues having the characteristics set forth directly below Table 1 can also be used in this invention. TABLE 1 Quiet Gluet ™ Chemical Makeup WEIGHT % Components Min Max Acetaldehyde 0.00001%  0.00010% acrylate polymer 33.00000%

Acrylonitrile 0.00001%  0.00100% Ammonia 0.00100%  0.01000% bis(1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethionato) Zinc 0.01000%  0.10000% Butyl acrylate 0.00100%  0.10000% butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, methacrylic acid 2- hydroxyethyl acrylate polymer 5.00000% 15.00000% CI Pigment Yellow 14 0.01000%  0.02000% Ethyl acrylate 0.00001%  0.00010% ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, polymer with ethyl-2-propenoate 1.00000%  5.00000% Formaldehyde 0.00100%  0.01000% Hydrophobic silica 0.00100%  0.01000% paraffin oil 0.10000%  1.00000% polymeric dispersant 0.00100%  0.01000% potassium tripolyphosphate 0.00000%  0.00200% silicon dioxide 0.00100%  0.10000% sodium carbonate 0.01000%  0.10000% stearic acid, aluminum salt 0.00100%  0.10000% Surfactant 0.00100%  0.10000% Vinyl acetate 0.10000%  1.00000% Water 25.00000% 40.00000% zinc compound 0.00100%  0.10000%

The physical solid-state characteristics of QuietGlue include:

1) a broad glass transition temperature which starts below room temperature;

2) mechanical response typical of a rubber (i.e., high elongation at break, low elastic modulus);

3) strong peel strength at room temperature;

4) weak shear strength at room temperature;

5) swell in organic solvents (e.g., Tetrahydrofuran, Methanol);

6) does not dissolve in water (swells poorly);

7) peels off the substrate easily at temperature of dry ice.

In constructing front panel 2, viscoelastic glue layer 21 is applied to interior surface 19 of layer 16. Various thicknesses of glue may be utilized and can range from a few millimeters of up to about ⅛ inch. After application of viscoelastic glue layer 21, constraining layer 17 is placed on viscoelastic glue layer 21. Following that, viscoelastic glue layer 20 is applied to upper surface 22 of constraining layer 17. The thickness of viscoelastic glue layer 20 may be in the range of the thickness used for viscoelastic glue layer 21, however it is not necessary that both of the glue layers be of the same thickness.

Next, layer 15 is placed on the upper surface of the glue layer 20. The assembly is then subjected to dehumidification and drying to allow the panels to dry, typically for 48-hours. Of course, it will be appreciated from FIG. 2 that front panel 2 and rear panel 3 are constructed as indicated above and cut to the appropriate lengths and heights prior to assembly into soundproof assembly 1. In addition to dehumidification, the panel is subjected to 0.5 to 10 pounds per square inch (psi) pressure during the drying process. And, may also be heated up to 150° F. for about 24 to 48 hours.

As will be appreciated by reference to FIG. 2, spacers 4, 5, and 6, are placed intermediate to front panel 2 and rear panel 3. Spacers 4, 5, and 6, are secured in place by glue, nails or other mechanical fastener.

The gap between outer surface 23 of wood layer 15 and outer surface 24 of wood layer 25 is indicated by reference character D1 in FIG. 2. The distance D1 may have any number of values, for example, from 5 mils to 1 inch. If soundproof assembly 1 is to be a door, the typical range for D1 would be from ¼, inch to ½ inch. As shown in FIG. 2, a sheet of mass loaded vinyl indicated by reference character 30 is included in the space between panels 2 and 3. Inclusion of sheet 30 is optional, however. Suitable material for sheet 30 may be the same as that used for constraining layer 17 described above.

Rear panel 3 may be constructed similarly to front panel 2, but it is not required that such a construction be utilized. Wood cellulose layers 25 and 26 may have similar thicknesses to that of layers 15 and 16 in front panel 2; however, different thicknesses may be utilized. Additionally, each of the wood/cellulose layers in the combination are not necessarily required to have the same thickness, although that is true in the embodiments illustrated. In rear panel 3, a constraining layer 27 may be of a material like any of those layers described above with regard to constraining layer 17, but constraining layer 27 may be made of a different material than constraining layer 17.

After front panel 2 and rear panel 3 have been affixed to spacers 4, 5, and 6, the surround covers 7, 8, 9, and 10, are applied and preferably attached to the peripheral edges of rear panel 2 and rear panel 3 by glue, nails or other mechanical fasteners.

As noted above, the veneer 13 and 14 may optionally be applied to the outer surfaces of front and rear panels 2 and 3 respectively.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, soundproof structure 33 is shown in a front view and includes a front panel 34 and cover sections 35, 36, 37 and 38, which are similar to corresponding cover sections in the embodiment of FIG. 1. In the construction of soundproof assembly 33, spacers are also utilized to separate front panel 34 from the rear panel of 3, which has the same construction as the corresponding panel in the embodiment of FIG. 2. Spacers 4, 5, and 6, which may be of the same construction as those used in the embodiment of FIG. 2, are also provided to separate front panel 34 from rear panel 3. Although in this embodiment and that of FIG. 2, three spacers are utilized, it is optional to exclude the center spacer 5, provided that sufficient rigidity is achieved by using only the spacers of 4 and 6, which are positioned, at the outer edges of soundproof assembly 33.

The interior of a soundproof assembly 33 will be better appreciated by reference to FIG. 4, which is a cross sectional view taken along the lines 4-4 in FIG. 3. As will be appreciated by reference in FIG. 4, the rear panel 3, is constructed in like manner to rear panel 3 in the embodiment of FIG. 2. However, in soundproof assembly 33, the front panel of 34, is constructed of a solid piece of wood/cellulose material indicated in the figure by reference character 34. Front panel 34 may be for example, ⅝ inch thick and constructed of a cellulose or wood material. Other suitable materials include for example, ceramic, plastic, composite material or metal. The distance D2 between the inner surface 39 of front panel 34 and the inner surface 24 of rear panel 3 may be for example, of the same distance as D1 in the embodiment of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, spacers 4, 5, and 6 are secured to the associated panels 3 and 34 utilizing the same construction technique as that utilized in the embodiment of FIG. 2. A sheet of mass loaded vinyl indicated by reference character 43 is included in air gap enclosures 44 and 45. Sheet 43 may be of the same type of material as described above with regard to sheet 30. As shown in FIG. 4, the ends and the center of sheet 30 are secured in place by spacers 4, 5 and 6, which is the same technique used for sheet 30 in the embodiment of FIG. 2. If soundproof assembly 33 is utilized as a door, for example, the outer periphery is sealed by cover sections 35, 36, 37, and 38.

Front panel 34 in soundproof assembly 33, may be constructed by using, for example, a solid wood or cellulose material or alternatively a plywood layer or one of the alternative materials noted above. The thickness from a surface of 39 to surface 40 maybe for example, ⅝ inch. Another thickness may of course, be utilized, with a greater thickness providing additional improvement in STC. Soundproof assembly 33 may also include the veneers 41 and 42 if it is desirable to provide a more aesthetically pleasing appearance to soundproof assembly 33. The thickness of veneer layers 41 and 42, is a matter of design choice.

FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative laminar panel 46, which may be utilized on one or both panels of the soundproof structures as that illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Laminar panel 46 includes a first outer layer 47, which may be constructed of a cellulose/wood material having a thickness in the range from about 100 mils to 2 inches as measured from outer surface 48 to inner surface 49. Alternatively, outer layer 47 may be a layer of: metal; ceramic; fiberglass; a composite material including fiberglass, Kevlar or carbon fiber; or a petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.

In this embodiment, glue layer 50 is applied to surface 49 and thereafter a constraining layer of 51 is placed on the surface of glue layer 50, which is opposite to surface 49 of first outer layer 47. Constraining layer 51 may be any of the above described constraining layers discussed in the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, or 4. Glue layer 52 is applied to surface 60 of pine laminar sheet 53, which is of a type commonly used in plywood. Pine laminar sheet 53 may have a thickness of from about 100 mils to about 2 inches, however, it may also be MDF or other wood types. Alternatively, in place of pine laminar sheet 53, any of the following may be used: a layer of metal; a layer of ceramic material; a layer of solid petroleum based material such as vinyl, plastic composite or rubber; or a layer of composite material such as fiberglass, Kevlar or carbon fiber.

Next glue layers 54 and 55, are provided on opposite sides of a second constraining layer of 56, glue layers 54 and 55 may be of the type described above regard to the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The structure is completed by the application of second outer layer of 57, which may be, for example, of the same type of material utilized in first outer layer 47. The thickness of second outer layer 57, as measured from inner surface 58 and outer surface 59 of maybe, for example, in the range from about 100 mils to 2 inches. Second outer layer 57 may alternatively any one of the alternative materials described above for first outer layer 47.

In constructing laminar panel 46, typically glue layer 50, is rolled onto surface 49 of first outer layer 47, and glue layer 52 is rolled onto surface 60 of pine laminar sheet to 53. Glue layer 54 is applied by rolling onto surface 61 of pine laminar sheet 53. Glue layer 55, is applied also by roller or other suitable technique to surface 58 of second outer layer 57. Constraining layer 51 is then sandwiched between the surfaces of glue layers 50 and 52, and constraining layer 56 is placed intermediate to glue layers 54 and 55 and the entire structure is then subjected to a compression force of about 1 pound per square inch. When a suitable pressure is described the compressive force may be applied for a length of time such as from about 24 to 48 hours. The entire structure then becomes a laminar panel suitable for use in a soundproof structure.

Referring to FIG. 6, soundproof assembly 65 is illustrated in a front view. A number of the elements in soundproof assembly 65 are also utilized in soundproof assembly 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, and accordingly common reference characters are utilized in the FIG. 6. In soundproof assembly 65, front panel 2 and rear panel 3 which are utilized in soundproof assembly 1 are directly connected utilizing a glue layer rather than the spacer construction which is utilized in soundproof assembly 1. More particularly, referring to FIG. 7, which is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 7-7 of FIG. 6, front panel 2 and rear panel 3 are secured to each other by having glue layer 66 interposed between their respective inner surfaces 24 and 23. Glue layer 66 may be any generally available construction adhesive or alternatively glue layer 66 may be a viscoelastic glue such as viscoelastic glue 28 described above in connection with the description of FIGS. 1 and 2. The thickness and the application techniques may be the same as described above in connection with, for example, glue layer 28. As will be appreciated by reference to FIG. 7, the elimination of the air gaps used in the soundproof assembly of FIG. 1 provides a more compact structure.

In an alternate embodiment of the present invention soundproof assembly 75 is provided, this assembly being illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9. Because soundproof assembly 75 utilizes a number of common structural elements found in soundproof assembly 33 of FIG. 3, common reference characters are utilized in connection with the two soundproof assemblies. In a fashion similar to soundproof assembly 65 described above, the front and rear panels are connected by a glue layer 76 rather than being spaced apart with spacers as employed in soundproof assembly 33. As will be appreciated by reference to FIG. 9, soundproof assembly 75 utilizes front panel 34 and rear panel 3 which are constructed as illustrated in FIG. 4 and described above in connection with that figure. Accordingly, additional explanation of the construction of the two panels is not required here. Glue layer 76 may be, as described above in connection with soundproof assembly 65, any commonly available construction adhesive or alternatively viscoelastic glue such as viscoelastic layer 28 described in connection with the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2.

Turning to FIGS. 10 and 11, soundproof assembly 85 is illustrated. In this embodiment, front and rear panels, 2 and 3 respectively, are constructed as described above in connection with, for example, FIG. 2 and soundproof assembly 1. Like reference characters are utilized in FIGS. 10 and 11 for structures which have been previously shown and described in connection with soundproof assembly 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, interior layer of material 86 is interposed between the respective interior surfaces of front panel 2 and rear panel 3. In the embodiment of soundproof assembly 85 illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, interior layer 86 is a wood/cellulose based layer. However, no particular material is required for layer 86, nor is any particular thickness necessary. Layer 86 may alternatively be various types of materials including, such as, for example, metal, a solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composites, rubber, ceramic composite, or fiberglass. Interior layer 86 may be constructed as a solid sheet of material or may alternatively include apertures. For example, interior layer 86 may be constructed as a honeycomb structure or a planar sheet of material with holes through the sheet. Material for a honeycomb structure may be, for example, aluminum. Additionally, acoustically absorptive material such as fiberglas, cellulose insulation, mineral wool, foam or a granular material may be included in the apertures. Front panel 2 and rear panel 3 are secured to interior layer 86 by glue layers 87 and 88. These glue layers may be composed of the same materials as described above in connection with the soundproof assemblies 65 and 75. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, interior layer 86 is coextensive in its height and width with front and rear panels 2 and 3 respectively. This is of course a design choice and interior layer 86 could be made to only partially fill the space between the inner surfaces of panels 2 and 3.

Turning to FIGS. 12 and 13, another embodiment of the invention is disclosed. Soundproof assembly 95 utilizes front panel 34 and rear laminar panel 3 which have been amply described above in connection with the prior embodiments. In the soundproof assembly 95, interior layer of material 96 is spaced between the respective inner surfaces of front panel 34 and rear panel 3. The composition of interior layer 96 may be selected to be the same as that used for interior layer 86 in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. The structure of interior layer 96 may be any of those described above in connection with interior layer 86 of soundproof assembly 85. Front panel 34 and rear panel 3 are secured to interior layer 96 utilizing adhesive layers 97 and 98. The composition of these adhesive layers may be the same as adhesive layers 87 and 88 described above in connection with soundproof assembly 85 illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. 

1. A soundproof assembly comprising: a first panel; a second panel; at least one spacer interposed between the first and second panels to provide an air gap between adjacent sides of the first and second panels, wherein one of the first and second panels comprise a laminar structure.
 2. The soundproof assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first and the second panels is comprised of a laminar structure.
 3. The soundproof assembly of claim 1, wherein the other of the first and second panels comprises a solid structure.
 4. The soundproof assembly of claim 1, wherein the laminar structure comprises two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 5. The soundproof assembly according to claim 1, further comprising acoustically absorptive material positioned in the air gap.
 6. The soundproof assembly according to claim 5, wherein the acoustically absorptive material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool, foam or a granular material.
 7. The soundproof assembly of claim 4, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises metal.
 8. The soundproof assembly of claim 7, wherein the constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
 9. The soundproof assembly of claim 8, wherein the sheet metal layer comprises galvanized steel.
 10. The soundproof assembly according to claim 4, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of a ceramic material.
 11. The soundproof assembly according to claim 4, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises a composite material.
 12. The soundproof assembly according to claim 11, wherein the composite material is comprised of fiberglass, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
 13. The soundproof assembly according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material or fiberglass.
 14. The soundproof assembly of claim 2, wherein both of the first and second laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 15. The soundproof assembly according to claim 14, wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material, or fiberglass.
 16. The soundproof assembly of claim 1, further comprising a layer of material affixed around a perimeter of the first and second panels.
 17. The soundproof assembly of claim 4, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 18. The soundproof assembly of claim 1, wherein the laminar structure comprises a plurality of internal layers, each having at least one layer of viscoelastic glue on opposite sides thereof, and at least one external layer on the other side of one of the at least one layer of viscoelastic glue.
 19. The soundproof assembly of claim 18, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material.
 20. The soundproof assembly of claim 18, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material and another of the plurality of internal layers comprises a metal.
 21. The soundproof assembly according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the plurality of internal layers comprises metals, or ceramic, or a solid petroleum-based material or a composite material.
 22. The method of forming a soundproof assembly comprising: providing a first panel having a laminar structure, the first panel having first and second exterior surfaces; providing a second panel having first and second surfaces; providing a spacer structure having first and second surfaces; securing the first surface of the spacer structure to the first exterior surface of the first panel; and securing one of the first and second exterior surfaces of the second panel to the second surface of the spacer structure.
 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein providing the second panel comprises: providing a panel with a laminar structure.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein providing the second panel comprises providing a panel having a solid structure.
 25. The method of claim 22, wherein providing the first panel having a laminar structure comprises: providing a first layer of material, the first layer having an interior and an exterior surface; applying a first layer of a viscoelastic glue to the interior surface of the first layer of material; providing a constraining layer of material; providing a second layer of material; applying a second layer of viscoelastic glue to one surface of the second layer cellulose material; interposing the constraining layer of material between exposed surfaces of the first and second layers of viscoelastic glues; and pressing the first layer of material, the first layer of viscoelastic glue, the constraining layer, the second layer of viscoelastic glue and the second layer of material for a selected time.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of metal.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein providing a layer of metal comprises providing a sheet metal layer.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein providing a sheet metal layer comprises providing a layer of galvanized steel.
 29. The method of claim 25, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 30. The method according to claim 25, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of sheet ceramic, sheet fiberglass, or a sheet of composite material.
 31. The method according to claim 25, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 32. The method according to claim 25, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 34. The method according to claim 31, wherein providing the second layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 35. The method according to claim 31, wherein providing the second layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 37. The method of claim 22, wherein providing the first panel having a laminar structure comprises: providing a first layer of material; applying a first layer of a viscoelastic glue to one surface of the first layer of material; providing a first constraining layer of material; providing a second layer of material; applying a second layer of viscoelastic glue to a first side of the second layer of material; interposing the first constraining layer of material between an exposed surface of the first layer of viscoelastic glue and an exposed surface of the second layer of viscoelastic glue; applying a third layer of viscoelastic glue to a second side of the second layer of material; providing a second constraining layer of material; providing a third layer of material; applying a fourth layer of viscoelastic glue to one surface of the third layer of material; interposing the second constraining layer of material between an exposed surface of the third layer of viscoelastic glue and an exposed surface of the fourth layer of viscoelastic glue; and pressing the first layer of material, the first layer of viscoelastic glue, the first constraining layer, the second layer of viscoelastic glue, the second layer of material, the third layer of viscoelastic glue, the second constraining layer, the fourth layer of viscoelastic glue and the third layer of material for a selected time.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein providing a first constraining layer of material comprises providing a first layer of metal; and further wherein providing a second constraining layer of material comprises providing a second layer of metal.
 39. The method of claim 37, wherein providing a first constraining layer of material comprises providing a first layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite or rubber; and further wherein providing a second constraining layer of material comprises providing a second layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite or rubber.
 40. The method of claim 37, wherein providing a first constraining layer and providing a second constraining layer comprises: providing a layer of metal for one of the first and second constraining layers and providing a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber for the other of the first and second constraining layers.
 41. The method according to claim 37, wherein providing a first constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of sheet ceramic, sheet fiberglass, or a sheet of composite material.
 42. The method according to claim 37, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 43. The method according to claim 37, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 44. The method according to claim 43, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 45. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing a second layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 46. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing a second layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 47. The method according to claim 46, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite or rubber material.
 48. The method according to claim 41, wherein providing a second constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of sheet ceramic, sheet fiberglass, or a sheet of composite material.
 49. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing a second layer of material and providing a third layer of material comprises providing one or both of the second and third layers of material using a material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 50. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing a second layer of material and providing a third layer of material comprises providing one or both of the second and third layers of material using a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 51. The method according to claim 50, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 52. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing a second layer of material and providing a third layer of material comprises providing one or both of the second and third layers of material using a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 53. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing a second layer of material and providing a third layer of material comprises providing one or both of the second and third layers of material using a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 54. The method according to claim 53, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 55. A soundproof assembly comprising: a first laminar panel; a second panel affixed to the first panel.
 56. The soundproof assembly according to claim 55, wherein the second panel comprises a laminar panel.
 57. The soundproof assembly according to claim 55, wherein the second panel comprises a solid layer of material.
 58. The soundproof assembly according to claim 55, wherein the first laminar panel is secured to the second laminar panel by an adhesive material.
 59. The soundproof assembly according to claim 58 wherein the adhesive material comprises one or more layers of viscoelastic glue.
 60. The soundproof assembly according to claim 56, wherein the first laminar panel is secured to the second laminar panel by an adhesive material.
 61. The soundproof assembly according to claim 60, wherein the adhesive material comprises one or more layers of viscoelastic glue.
 62. The soundproof assembly of claim 55, wherein the first laminar panel comprises two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 63. The soundproof assembly of claim 56, wherein one or both of the first and second panels comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 64. The soundproof assembly of claim 57, wherein the first laminar panel comprises two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 65. The soundproof assembly according to claim 57, further comprising a third panel affixed to the second panel.
 66. The soundproof assembly according to claim 65, wherein the third panel comprises a laminar panel.
 67. The soundproof assembly according to claim 65, wherein the third panel comprises a solid layer of material.
 68. The soundproof assembly of claim 66, wherein the first laminar panel, or the third laminar panel, or both the first and third laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 69. The soundproof assembly of claim 62, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises metal.
 70. The soundproof assembly of claim 69, wherein the constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
 71. The soundproof assembly of claim 70, wherein the sheet metal layer comprises galvanized steel.
 72. The soundproof assembly according to claim 62, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of a ceramic material.
 73. The soundproof assembly according to claim 62, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises a composite material.
 74. The soundproof assembly according to claim 73, wherein the composite material is comprised of fiberglass, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
 75. The soundproof assembly of claim 63, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises metal.
 76. The soundproof assembly of claim 75, wherein the constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
 77. The soundproof assembly of claim 76, wherein the sheet metal layer comprises galvanized steel.
 78. The soundproof assembly according to claim 57, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of a ceramic material.
 79. The soundproof assembly according to claim 57, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises a composite material.
 80. The soundproof assembly according to claim 79, wherein the composite material is comprised of fiberglass, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
 81. The soundproof assembly of claim 66, wherein one or both of the first and third laminar panels comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 82. The soundproof assembly according to claim 62, wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material or fiberglass.
 83. The soundproof assembly of claim 56, wherein both of the first and second laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 84. The soundproof assembly according to claim 83, wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material, or fiberglass.
 85. The soundproof assembly of claim 62, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 86. The soundproof assembly of claim 55, wherein the first laminar panel comprises a plurality of internal layers, each having at least one layer of viscoelastic glue on opposite sides thereof, and at least one external layer on the other side of one of the at least one layer of viscoelastic glue.
 87. The soundproof assembly of claim 86, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material.
 88. The soundproof assembly of claim 86, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material and another of the plurality of internal layers comprises a metal.
 89. The soundproof assembly according to claim 86, wherein at least one of the plurality of internal layers comprises metals, or ceramic, or a solid petroleum-based material or a composite material.
 90. The method of forming a soundproof assembly comprising: providing a first panel having a laminar structure, the first panel having first and second exterior surfaces; providing a second panel having first and second surfaces; securing the first exterior surface of the first panel to one of the first and second surfaces of the second panel.
 91. The method according to claim 90, wherein providing the second panel comprises: providing a panel with a laminar structure.
 92. The method of claim 90, wherein providing the second panel comprises providing a panel having a solid structure.
 93. The method of claim 90, wherein providing the first panel having a laminar structure comprises: providing a first layer of material, the first layer having an interior and an exterior surface; applying a first layer of a viscoelastic glue to the interior surface of the first layer of material; providing a constraining layer of material; providing a second layer of material; applying a second layer of viscoelastic glue to one surface of the second layer cellulose material; interposing the constraining layer of material between exposed surfaces of the first and second layers of viscoelastic glues; and pressing the first layer of material, the first layer of viscoelastic glue, the constraining layer, the second layer of viscoelastic glue and the second layer of material for a selected time.
 94. The method of claim 93, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of metal.
 95. The method of claim 94, wherein providing a layer of metal comprises providing a sheet metal layer.
 96. The method of claim 95, wherein providing a sheet metal layer comprises providing a layer of galvanized steel.
 97. The method of claim 93, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 98. The method according to claim 93, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of sheet ceramic, sheet fiberglass, or a sheet of composite material.
 99. The method according to claim 93, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 100. The method according to claim 93, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 101. The method according to claim 100, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 102. The method according to claim 99, wherein providing the second layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 103. The method according to claim 99, wherein providing the second layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 104. The method according to claim 103, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 105. The method according to claim 90, further comprising providing a third panel; and affixing the third panel to the second panel.
 106. The method according to claim 105, wherein providing the third panel comprises: providing a laminar panel.
 107. The method according to claim 105, wherein providing the third panel comprises providing a unitary layer of material
 108. The method according to claim 92, further comprising: providing a third panel having a laminar structure; and affixing the third panel to the second panel.
 109. The method of claim 108, wherein providing the third panel having a laminar structure comprises: providing a first layer of material, the first layer having an interior and an exterior surface; applying a first layer of a viscoelastic glue to the interior surface of the first layer of material; providing a constraining layer of material; providing a second layer of material; applying a second layer of viscoelastic glue to one surface of the second layer cellulose material; interposing the constraining layer of material between exposed surfaces of the first and second layers of viscoelastic glues; and pressing the first layer of material, the first layer of viscoelastic glue, the constraining layer, the second layer of viscoelastic glue and the second layer of material for a selected time.
 110. The method of claim 109, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of metal.
 111. The method of claim 110, wherein providing a layer of metal comprises providing a sheet metal layer.
 112. The method of claim 111, wherein providing a sheet metal layer comprises providing a layer of galvanized steel.
 113. The method of claim 109, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 114. The method according to claim 109, wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of sheet ceramic, sheet fiberglass, or a sheet of composite material.
 115. The method according to claim 109, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 116. The method according to claim 109, wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 117. The method according to claim 116, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 118. The method according to claim 109, wherein providing the second layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, or a composite material.
 119. The method according to claim 109, wherein providing the second layer of material comprises providing a petroleum-based synthetic material.
 120. The method according to claim 119, wherein providing a petroleum-based synthetic material comprises providing a vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber material.
 121. The soundproof assembly according to claim 55, wherein the second panel comprises a layer of material having one or more apertures, the soundproof assembly further comprising a third panel affixed to the second panel.
 122. The soundproof assembly according to claim 121, wherein the third panel comprises a layer of material.
 123. The soundproof assembly according to claim 121, wherein the third panel comprises a laminar panel.
 124. The soundproof assembly according to claim 121, wherein the second panel is secured to the first laminar panel by an adhesive material.
 125. The soundproof assembly according to claim 124, wherein the third panel is secured to the second panel by an adhesive material.
 126. The soundproof assembly according to claim 123, wherein the third panel is secured to second panel by an adhesive material.
 127. The soundproof assembly according to claim 121, wherein the layer of material of the second panel is selected from the group consisting of metal, wood/cellulose based, solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composites, rubber, ceramic composite, or fiberglass.
 128. The soundproof assembly according to claim 123, wherein the first laminar panel, or the third laminar panel, or both the first and third laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by at least one internal constraining layer.
 129. The soundproof assembly according to claim 121, wherein the first laminar panel comprises two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue, separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 130. The soundproof assembly of claim 129, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises metal.
 131. The soundproof assembly of claim 130, wherein the constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
 132. The soundproof assembly of claim 131, wherein the sheet metal layer comprises galvanized steel.
 133. The soundproof assembly according to claim 129, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of a ceramic material.
 134. The soundproof assembly according to claim 129, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises a composite material.
 135. The soundproof assembly according to claim 134, wherein the composite material is comprised of fiberglass, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
 136. The soundproof assembly of claim 123, wherein both of the first and second laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 137. The soundproof assembly according to claim 136, wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material, or fiberglass.
 138. The soundproof assembly of claim 129, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 139. The soundproof assembly of claim 121, wherein the first laminar panel comprises a plurality of internal layers, each having at least one layer of viscoelastic glue on opposite sides thereof, and at least one external layer on the other side of one of the at least one layer of viscoelastic glue.
 140. The soundproof assembly of claim 139, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material.
 141. The soundproof assembly of claim 139, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material and another of the plurality of internal layers comprises a metal.
 142. The soundproof assembly according to claim 139, wherein at least one of the plurality of internal layers comprises metals, or ceramic, or a solid petroleum-based material or a composite material.
 143. The soundproof assembly according to claim 55, wherein the second panel comprises a structure having a honeycomb pattern, the soundproof assembly further comprising a third panel affixed to the second panel.
 144. The soundproof assembly according to claim 143, wherein the third panel comprises a layer of material.
 145. The soundproof assembly according to claim 143, wherein the third panel comprises a laminar panel.
 146. The soundproof assembly according to claim 143, wherein the second panel is secured to the first laminar panel by an adhesive material.
 147. The soundproof assembly according to claim 146, wherein the third panel is secured to the second panel by an adhesive material.
 148. The soundproof assembly according to claim 145, wherein the third panel is secured to second panel by an adhesive material.
 149. The soundproof assembly according to claim 143, wherein the layer of material of the second panel is selected from the group consisting of metal, wood/cellulose based, solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composites, rubber, ceramic composite, or fiberglass.
 150. The soundproof assembly according to claim 145, wherein the first laminar panel, or the third laminar panel, or both the first and third laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by at least one internal constraining layer.
 151. The soundproof assembly according to claim 143, wherein the first laminar panel comprises two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue, separated by at least one internal constraining layer.
 152. The soundproof assembly of claim 151, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises metal.
 153. The soundproof assembly of claim 152, wherein the constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
 154. The soundproof assembly of claim 153, wherein the sheet metal layer comprises galvanized steel.
 155. The soundproof assembly according to claim 151, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of a ceramic material.
 156. The soundproof assembly according to claim 151, wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises a composite material.
 157. The soundproof assembly according to claim 156, wherein the composite material is comprised of fiberglass, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
 158. The soundproof assembly of claim 145, wherein both of the first and second laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
 159. The soundproof assembly according to claim 158, wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material, or fiberglass.
 160. The soundproof assembly of claim 151, wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber.
 161. The soundproof assembly of claim 143, wherein the first laminar panel comprises a plurality of internal layers, each having at least one layer of viscoelastic glue on opposite sides thereof, and at least one external layer on the other side of one of the at least one layer of viscoelastic glue.
 162. The soundproof assembly of claim 161, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material.
 163. The soundproof assembly of claim 161, wherein one of the plurality of internal layers comprises a cellulose material and another of the plurality of internal layers comprises a metal.
 164. The soundproof assembly according to claim 161, wherein at least one of the plurality of internal layers comprises metals, or ceramic, or a solid petroleum-based material or a composite material. 